Windows 7 will be named... Windows 7

Microsoft announced that the new version of Windows will be officially named Windows 7, same as their codename. It is the first time that a version of Windows is named the same way as their codename.

As Mike Nash explains, the reason is simplicity:

The decision to use the name Windows 7 is about simplicity. Over the years, we have taken different approaches to naming Windows.  We've used version numbers like Windows 3.11, or dates like Windows 98, or "aspirational" monikers like Windows XP or Windows Vista.  And since we do not ship new versions of Windows every year, using a date did not make sense.  Likewise, coming up with an all-new "aspirational" name does not do justice to what we are trying to achieve, which is to stay firmly rooted in our aspirations for Windows Vista, while evolving and refining the substantial investments in platform technology in Windows Vista into the next generation of Windows.

Simply put, this is the seventh release of Windows, so therefore "Windows 7" just makes sense.

You can read the whole announcement at Windows Vista Team Blog.